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Storia e Politica 2/2021

Rivista abbonamento
Autore rivista
AA.VV.
EISSN
2037-0520
Materia
Storia e politica : rivista quadrimestrale

 

Storia e Politica: rivista quadrimestrale: XIII, 2, 2021


Ricerche/Articles

 

Anna Di Bello

Università Suor Orsola Benincasa - Napoli

LA MENTE DEL POPOLO È COME UN FOGLIO BIANCO: POTERE ED EDUCAZIONE NEL PENSIERO POLITICO DI THOMAS HOBBES

(THE MIND OF PEOPLE IS LIKE A WHITE PAPER: POWER AND EDUCATION IN THOMAS HOBBES’ POLITICAL THOUGHT)

Keywords: Education, universities, sedition, sovereignty, control of opinions.

In an England strongly proved by civil wars, Hobbes writes his political works, the Elements of Law, the De Cive, the Leviathan and the Behemoth in which, applying a new rational-scientific method and inaugurating a new kind of politics, he describes his ideal state.

An absolute state which, following the logic of authorization, decides in every area of ​​the individual's life, included the control of opinions and education, considered by the English philosopher the major causes of sedition and anarchy.

The aim of this paper is to show how hobbesian absolute sovereignty is above all a simple answer to the historical context, thus the consensus on civil matters required for peace can be secured only through rigorous and universal civic education overseen by the sovereign in the universities.

 

Spartaco Pupo

Università della Calabria

POLITICAL CONNECTIONS (AND DISCONNECTIONS) BETWEEN BRITISH INTELLECTUALS IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT. HUME, STERNE, AND WILKES IN PARIS (1764)

Keywords: Hume, Wilkes, Sterne, Political Scepticism, Radicalism. 

In April 1764, Laurence Sterne, who is in France for a cure, is invited by Lord Hertford, the new English ambassador to France, to preach a sermon at the opening of the new embassy in Paris. Sterne accepts the invitation and chooses a text that is perceived as a shocking discourtesy to the diplomatic and political authorities. The dinner that follows, to which the most distinguished members of the British society are invited, is the occasion of a unique encounter between three of the most famous figures of the cultural and political world of the Great Britain eighteenth century: Laurence Sterne, the Irish clergyman and novelist, David Hume, the Scottish diplomatist and historian, and John Wilkes, the English radical politician and journalist. This essay focuses both on the encounter between the three compatriots of Great Britain in the peaceful atmosphere of Paris one year after the Treaty of 1763 and on the ideological and political implications, between liberal, sceptical, and radical perspectives. It aims to demonstrate that this affair, although not yet sufficiently researched, shows aspects of great cultural and historical-political interest.

 

Andrea Mutolo

Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México

LA QUASI FORMALIZZAZIONE DEI RAPPORTI TRA STATO E CHIESA CATTOLICA IN MESSICO DOPO IL TERREMOTO DEL 1985

(THE ALMOST FORMALIZATION OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN MEXICO AFTER THE 1985 EARTHQUAKE)

Keywords: 1985 earthquake, State-Catholic Church relations, Salinismo, Mexico City, Constitutional reform of 1992.

The article reconstructs the relationship between the government and the Catholic Church that took place in Mexico City after the 1985 earthquake. This proximity is considered to have generated an important “first step” towards the 1992 constitutional reform. In particular, it is described as in this stage, the Catholic Church, without a Juridic recognition, has managed to develop institutional relations, formalizing political and financial relations with the government.

 

Thierry Ménissier

Université Grenoble Alpes

CONFIANCE EN L’INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE ET AUTORITÉ DES MACHINES

(TRUST IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE AUTHORITY)

Keywords: artificial intelligence, trust, authority, AI ethics, technologies.

This contribution has two objectives. On the one hand, it considers the study of trust relationships towards the “non-human agents” that are the contemporary technological tools (algorithms and data that define artificial intelligence); on the other hand, it undertakes to conceptualize the authority that these tools are acquiring. The starting point is that the contemporary deployment of AI relies on forms of trust in machines shared between their designers and users, who appear to be the “cement” of the uses that guarantee the efficiency of the machines. However, this trust is less directed towards tools considered as neutral than towards personalized or even personified entities. Artificial intelligences, analyzed in the context of their uses, are already presented as something other than neutral instruments. Although still poorly qualified ontologically, they are already no longer simple tools, but agents. Through the services they render and the influence they already exert on behaviors, they acquire a real action that needs to be documented and conceptualized. This approach in political philosophy wants to examine the form of authority thus generated, notably by imagining experimental devices to test the hypotheses.

 

Ermes Antonucci

Università LUISS Guido Carli di Roma

I PRESIDENTI DELLA REPUBBLICA E LE DEGENERAZIONI DELLE CORRENTI NELLA MAGISTRATURA: DA PERTINI A MATTARELLA (1978-2020)

(THE PRESIDENTS OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC AND THE DEGENERATION OF THE ASSOCIATIVE GROUPS WITHIN THE JUDICIARY: FROM PERTINI TO MATTARELLA (1978-2020)

Keywords: Higher Council of the Judiciary, President of the Italian Republic, judiciary, associative groups, Italy. 

The criminal scandal that has rocked the Italian Higher Council of the Judiciary (HCJ) in 2019 has addressed the attention of the historical and political science research to the problem of the degeneration of the associative groups (the so-called correnti) within the judiciary. The essay examines the concerns about this degenerative process expressed from 1978 to 2020 by the Presidents of the Italian Republic, who are also the presidents of the HCJ. What emerges is that, contrary to the common perception, this issue has not been addressed by the Presidents only in rare occasions and in recent years, but it has been subject of several calls by all the presidents from the late 1970s to today. These warnings, however, appear to have not reached the desired result.

 

Note e discussioni/Notes and discussions

Raffaele Colapietra

Università degli Studi di Salerno

RIFLESSIONI SUL PENSIERO POLITICO DI BENEDETTO CROCE A MARGINE DI UN RECENTE LIBRO DI SALVATORE CINGARI

(REFLECTIONS ON THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF BENEDETTO CROCE IN THE MARGIN OF A RECENT BOOK BY SALVATORE CINGARI)

Keywords: Benedetto Croce, Economic Liberalism, Political Liberalism, Fascism, Salvatore Cingari.

This article focuses on Benedetto Croce’s political thought and its undemocratic characters. The Author analyses Salvatore Cingari’s text about this topic (Dietro l’autonarrazione. Benedetto Croce fra Stato liberale e Stato democratico, 2019) and explores some aspect such as the relationship between economic and political liberalism, liberalism and fascism.

 

Cronache e notizie/Chronicles and news 

Maria Teresa Pacilè – Eugenio Enea

Università degli Studi di Messina

DANTE E LA POLITICA DAL PASSATO AL PRESENTE. CONVEGNO INTERNAZIONALE

(6-7 MAGGIO 2021)

(DANTE AND POLITICS FROM THE PAST TO THE PRESENT. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 6-7 MAY 2021)


Direzione/Editors: Claudia Giurintano (Direttore responsabile, Università di Palermo), Giorgio Scichilone (Università di Palermo).

Eugenio Guccione (Direttore emerito, Università di Palermo).

Comitato Scientifico/ Advisory Board: Marcella Aglietti (Università di Pisa); Francesco Bonini (Università Lumsa); Carmelo Calabrò (Università di Pisa); Gabriele Carletti (Università di Teramo); Paolo Carta (Università di Trento); Manuela Ceretta (Università di Torino); Salvatore Cingari (Università per Stranieri di Perugia); Alberto De Sanctis (Università di Genova); Franco M. Di Sciullo (Università di Messina); Claudia Giurintano (Università di Palermo); Guido Melis (Università di Roma La Sapienza); Enza Pelleriti (Università di Messina); Francesca Russo (Università Suor Orsola Benincasa); Fabrizio Sciacca (Università di Catania); Giorgio Scichilone (Università di Palermo); Luca Scuccimarra (Università di Roma La Sapienza); Mario Tesini (Università di Parma).- Honorary Members: Nicola Antonetti (Università di Parma); Giuseppe Astuto (Università di Catania); Paolo Bagnoli (Università di Siena); Franca Biondi Nalis (Università di Catania); Giuseppe Buttà (Università di Messina); Maria Sofia Corciulo (Università di Roma La Sapienza); Eugenio Guccione (Università di Palermo); Francesco Mercadante (Università di Roma La Sapienza); Paolo Pastori (Università di Camerino); Claudio Vasale (Università Lumsa).

Comitato Scientifico Internazionale/International Advisory Board: Francisco Javier Ansuátegui Roig (Universidad Carlo III de Madrid); Fernando Ciaramitaro (Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México); William J. Connell (Seton Hall University); Bernard A. Cook (Loyola University New Orleans); John P. McCormick (University of Chicago); Jean-Yves Frétigné (Université de Rouen – Normandie); Marcel Gauchet (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales - Paris); Rachel Hammersley (Newcastle University); François Jankowiak (Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay); Salvatore Rotella† (Riverside Community College - California); Quentin Skinner (University of London).

Comitato Editoriale/Editorial Board: Mauro Buscemi (Università di Palermo), Dario Caroniti (Università di Messina), Federica Falchi (Università di Cagliari), Elena G. Faraci (Università di Catania), Stefania Mazzone (Università di Catania), Spartaco Pupo (Università della Calabria), Angela Taraborrelli (Università di Cagliari).

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